Glossary
Asexual Reproduction
Definition: A type of reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring without the involvement of gametes (sperm and egg), resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Examples include binary fission, budding, and multiple fission.
Sexual Reproduction
Definition: A type of reproduction that involves the fusion of two specialized cells, or gametes (sperm and egg), from two parents (male and female), leading to genetically diverse offspring.
Binary Fission
Definition: A type of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides into two equal parts, each of which grows into a new individual. Common in unicellular organisms like bacteria and Amoeba.
Multiple Fission
Definition: A type of asexual reproduction in which a single parent cell divides into multiple daughter cells. It occurs in organisms like Plasmodium (malarial parasite).
Budding
Definition: A form of asexual reproduction where a new individual develops from a small projection (bud) on the parent body. Common in organisms like Hydra and yeast.
Parthenogenesis
Definition: A form of asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. Examples include certain insects like aphids and some reptiles.
Gametes
Definition: Specialized reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction. Male gametes are called sperm, and female gametes are called ova (eggs).
Fertilisation
Definition: The process in which male and female gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to form a zygote, marking the beginning of development of a new organism.
Zygote
Definition: The single cell formed after the fusion of sperm and egg during fertilisation. It divides and develops into an embryo.
Hermaphrodite
Definition: An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs and can produce both sperm and eggs. Examples include earthworms and some fish.
Embryo
Definition: The early developmental stage of an organism after fertilisation, before it becomes a fetus. The embryo continues to divide and differentiate into various body structures.
Fetus
Definition: The later stage of development after the embryo, when all major body structures are formed. The fetus is carried in the womb until birth.
Viviparous
Definition: Animals that give birth to live young, with internal fertilisation and development. Examples include humans, elephants, and cows.
Oviparous
Definition: Animals that lay eggs, with fertilisation and early development occurring externally. Examples include birds, fish, and amphibians.
Incubation
Definition: The process of keeping eggs at a specific temperature for them to develop and hatch, as seen in birds like hens.
Metamorphosis
Definition: A process of dramatic change in the body structure of certain animals, particularly during their life cycle, as seen in frogs and butterflies. It involves stages like larva (e.g., tadpole), pupa, and adult.
Internal Fertilisation
Definition: Fertilisation that occurs inside the female’s body, where the sperm fertilizes the egg within the reproductive tract. Examples include humans, birds, and mammals.
External Fertilisation
Definition: Fertilisation that occurs outside the female’s body, typically in water, where eggs and sperm are released into the environment. Examples include frogs and many fish.
Sperm
Definition: The male gamete or reproductive cell responsible for fertilising the egg. It is produced in the testes and is smaller than the egg.
Ovum
Definition: The female gamete or reproductive cell, which is larger than the sperm. It is produced in the ovaries.
Semen
Definition: The fluid containing sperm, produced by male reproductive organs. It is ejaculated during reproduction.
Test Tube Babies
Definition: Babies conceived through in vitro fertilisation (IVF), where eggs and sperm are fertilized outside the body and the zygote is later implanted in the uterus.
Oviduct
Definition: The tube through which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus or outside the body in animals like birds.
Uterus
Definition: The organ in female mammals where the fertilized egg (zygote) implants and grows during pregnancy. It is the site of internal development in viviparous animals.
Scrotum
Definition: The pouch of skin that holds the testes in male mammals. It regulates the temperature of the testes, ensuring the sperm remain viable.
Something To Know
A. Fill in the blanks.
- Genetically identical individuals are produced by __________ reproduction.
Answer – asexual
- __________ are the specialised cells that take part in sexual reproduction.
Answer – Gametes
- An animal, that produces both male and female gametes, is known as a __________ animal.
Answer – hermaphrodite
- A fertilised egg is also known as the __________.
Answer – zygote
- The incubation period for a hen’s egg is __________.
Answer – 21 days
B. Match the following.
- Hydra (a) hermaphrodite
- Reptiles (b) calcite
- Earthworm (c) budding
- Gills (d) oviparous
- Egg shell (e) tadpole
Answer –
Hydra – (c) budding
Reptiles – (d) oviparous
Earthworm – (a) hermaphrodite
Gills – (e) tadpole
Egg shell – (b) calcite
C. Tick (✓) the correct option.
- The site of fertilisation, in humans, is the—
Uterus
vagina
oviduct
ovary
Answer – oviduct
- The reason, why parrot does not belong to the same group as that of monkey, man, cat, is that—
it is oviparous.
it undergoes internal fertilisation.
it undergoes external fertilisation,
it is viviparous.
Answer – it is oviparous.
- An organism, which reproduces by Budding, is—
Plasmodium
Amoeba
Yeast
Spirogyra
Answer – Yeast
- A caterpillar develops into a silk moth through the process of—
fertilisation
metamorphosis
hatching
parthenogenesis
Answer – metamorphosis
- A foetus can be best defined as—
a fertilised egg.
a developing embryo.
a well developed embryo.
an unfertilised egg.
Answer – a well developed embryo.
D. Answer the following questions in brief:
- Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Answer – Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring without the fusion of gametes. Example: Binary fission in Amoeba.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents (male and female), where gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to form a zygote, leading to offspring that are genetically different from the parents. Example: Reproduction in humans.
- How is reproduction carried out in Hydra7.
Answer – Hydra reproduces asexually by budding. In this process, a small bud develops on the parent’s body. This bud grows into a new individual and eventually detaches to live independently.
- How is fertilisation in a hen different from fertilisation in a frog?
Answer – In a hen, fertilisation is internal and occurs inside the female’s body. The fertilised egg is laid outside the body where it develops.
In a frog, fertilisation is external. The male and female release gametes into the surrounding water, where fertilisation occurs.
- State the difference between oviparous and viviparous animals.
Answer – Oviparous animals lay eggs in which the development of young ones takes place outside the mother’s body. Example: Birds, reptiles.
Viviparous animals give birth to live young ones, and the development takes place inside the mother’s body. Example: Humans, elephants.
- Why is the number of eggs, laid by frogs at a time, much higher than those laid by a hen?
Answer – Frogs lay a large number of eggs at a time because external fertilisation is less certain and the survival rate of the eggs is lower. To increase the chances of survival, frogs lay many eggs. Hens, on the other hand, lay fewer eggs because internal fertilisation and parental care increase the chances of survival.
- How will you differentiate between a zygote and an embryo?
Answer – A zygote is the fertilised egg formed after the fusion of sperm and egg.
An embryo is the stage of development after the zygote divides and grows, leading to the formation of body parts. The embryo develops into a foetus.
- It is the mother who gives birth to a child. How do children, then, get features of both the parents?
Answer – Children inherit features from both parents because they receive half of their genes from the mother and half from the father. The fusion of sperm (father’s genetic material) and egg (mother’s genetic material) during fertilisation results in a combination of both parents’ characteristics.
E. Answer the following questions.
- Define the term ‘Metamorphosis’. List the changes that a tadpole undergoes to develop into a frog.
Answer – Metamorphosis is the process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in animals.
In frogs, the changes that occur in the tadpole during metamorphosis include:
Development of hind legs followed by front legs.
Formation of lungs for respiration (tadpoles have gills).
Gradual absorption of the tail.
Transformation of the digestive system to adapt to a carnivorous diet.
Development of the adult structure (frog) from the larval form (tadpole).
- Trace the sequence of events that lead to development of a chick from the fertilised egg of a hen.
Answer – Fertilisation: The sperm fertilises the egg inside the hen’s oviduct.
Formation of the zygote: The fertilised egg (zygote) begins to divide and forms the embryo.
Egg shell formation: As the embryo develops, protective layers are formed around it, including the egg shell.
Incubation: The hen sits on the egg to provide the required temperature for the development of the embryo.
Hatching: After approximately 21 days of incubation, the chick breaks through the shell and is born.
- Where does fertilisation occur in human beings? How does the zygote formed eventually develop into an infant?
Answer – In humans, fertilisation occurs in the oviduct (fallopian tube) when the sperm fertilises the egg.
After fertilisation, the zygote divides to form an embryo, which travels to the uterus. The embryo implants itself in the uterine lining and develops into a foetus. The foetus continues to grow and develop inside the mother’s uterus until birth, at which point it is called an infant.
- Draw a neat well labelled diagram of the human sperm. Also, write how its shape and size help it in its functioning?
Answer – The human sperm consists of:
Head: Contains the nucleus which carries the genetic material. The acrosome at the tip contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg.
Middle piece: Contains mitochondria that provide energy for movement.
Tail: Helps the sperm move towards the egg.
Functioning:
The head contains enzymes to help penetrate the egg, ensuring fertilisation.
The middle piece provides energy for the sperm to swim towards the egg.
The tail enables the sperm to swim by propelling it forward.
- Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of (i) the reproductive system of the human female (ii) the male reproductive system.
Answer – Human Female Reproductive System:
Ovaries: Produce eggs (ova) and hormones.
Oviduct (Fallopian Tube): Passage through which the egg travels from the ovaries to the uterus; fertilisation occurs here.
Uterus: Where the fertilised egg implants and the baby develops.
Vagina: The passage through which the baby is delivered.
Human Male Reproductive System:
Testes: Produce sperm and testosterone.
Scrotum: Holds the testes outside the body at a cooler temperature.
Sperm ducts (Vas deferens): Carry sperm from the testes to the urethra.
Urethra: Carries sperm to the outside of the body during ejaculation.
Penis: The organ that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.
- Write the function(s) of each of the following parts of the human female reproductive system:
(a) Ovaries
Answer – The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and support pregnancy.
(b) Oviduct
Answer – The oviduct (fallopian tube) carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus and is the site of fertilisation, where the sperm meets the egg.
(c) Uterus
Answer – The uterus is where the fertilised egg (zygote) implants and develops into a foetus. It also supports the pregnancy by providing nutrients and protection to the growing embryo/foetus.
Value Based Question
Atul’s mother decides to get their garage cleaned. The maid comes running and informs that there is a pigeon nest in one corner having 3-4 eggs in it. She starts to look for the broom when Atul intervenes. He tells his maid that she should remove the nest only after 3 weeks. His mother agrees to the suggestion and instructs the maid accordingly.
- Why did Atul ask the maid to wait for 3 weeks?
Answer – Atul asked the maid to wait for 3 weeks because the pigeon eggs were likely to hatch soon, and the baby pigeons (chicks) would need time to grow before the nest could be safely removed. Waiting ensures that the chicks are not disturbed or harmed before they are old enough to leave the nest on their own.
- What is the egg shell made up of?
Answer – The egg shell is primarily made of calcium carbonate. It is a hard, protective layer that surrounds the egg, providing strength and preventing it from breaking easily.
- State the values shown by Atul.
Answer – The values shown by Atul are:
Compassion and kindness: He shows concern for the pigeons’ well-being by ensuring the chicks are not harmed before they are ready to leave the nest.
Responsibility and respect for life: Atul demonstrates an understanding of the importance of respecting all forms of life, including animals, and making thoughtful decisions that protect them.
Patience: He shows patience by suggesting waiting for the chicks to mature before removing the nest.
Something To Do
- Visit a hospital and find out if there have been any twins, triplets or quadruplets that have been born there in the past years.
Find out how these develop. What are the chances of their survival as compared with the normal single child?
Answer – To answer this question, one would need to visit a local hospital or maternity ward and inquire about the birth of twins, triplets, or quadruplets. Twins, triplets, and quadruplets develop from multiple fertilized eggs (fraternal twins) or from the division of one fertilized egg (identical twins).
Chances of Survival: Multiple births often carry higher risks, including premature birth, low birth weight, and developmental challenges. With advances in medical care, the chances of survival for multiple births have improved. However, the survival rate can still be lower compared to single-child pregnancies, especially for higher-order multiples (triplets, quadruplets).
- Although most mammals give birth to young ones, there are some that lay eggs. Find out more about such egg-laying mammals and share the information with your classmates.
Answer – Egg-laying mammals are called monotremes. The most well-known examples of monotremes are the platypus and echidna.
Platypus: The female platypus lays eggs, which she incubates in a burrow. After hatching, the mother nurses her young by secreting milk from mammary glands through openings in the skin (no teats).
Echidna: Similarly, echidnas lay eggs and then incubate them in a pouch-like structure on the mother’s abdomen. Once the eggs hatch, the young are carried in the pouch until they are fully developed.
- Prepare a list of five birds commonly found in your city. Find out about the types of nests they make and the time of the year one is most likely to find eggs in their nests.
Also, find out about the number of eggs laid at one time, the incubation period and the appearance of the eggs, for the five different birds listed by you.
Answer – Here is an example based on five common birds:
- House Sparrow
Nest Type: Cup-shaped nest made of twigs, grass, and feathers.
Eggs: 3-5 eggs per clutch.
Incubation Period: 10-14 days.
Egg Appearance: White or light-colored eggs with speckles.
Egg-laying Season: Spring to early summer.
- Pigeon
Nest Type: Simple platform nests made of twigs, often on ledges or windowsills.
Eggs: Usually 2 eggs per clutch.
Incubation Period: 17-19 days.
Egg Appearance: White, roundish eggs.
Egg-laying Season: Throughout the year, with peaks in spring.
- Cuckoo
Nest Type: Cuckoos do not build their own nests. They are brood parasites and lay their eggs in the nests of other birds.
Eggs: 1 egg per clutch.
Incubation Period: 10-13 days, depending on the host bird species.
Egg Appearance: Pale green or brownish eggs with dark speckles.
Egg-laying Season: Spring to summer.
- Common Myna
Nest Type: They build nests in tree cavities or on buildings, using twigs, grasses, and paper.
Eggs: 3-5 eggs per clutch.
Incubation Period: 12-14 days.
Egg Appearance: Light blue or greenish eggs.
Egg-laying Season: Spring to early summer.
- Indian Peafowl (Peacock)
Nest Type: The peahen builds a simple nest on the ground, usually in tall grass.
Eggs: 4-12 eggs per clutch.
Incubation Period: 28 days.
Egg Appearance: Light brown or cream-colored eggs with speckles.
Egg-laying Season: Late spring to early summer.
- ‘Dolly’ (Sheep) was the first cloned mammal. Find out where and how it was produced. Also, try to find out about the other animals that have been cloned.
Answer – Dolly the Sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. She was produced in Scotland at the Roslin Institute in 1996. Dolly was cloned using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), where the nucleus from an adult cell (in Dolly’s case, a mammary gland cell) was transferred into an egg cell that had its nucleus removed.
Other animals that have been cloned include cows, pigs, dogs (the first dog cloned was Snuppy in 2005), and horses.
- Complete the table given below.
S.No. | Animal | What is the Young one called? | Average Time taken for Development of the Young one | Average Life Span |
1. | Lion | Cub | 3-4 months | 10-14 years |
2. | Cow | Calf | 9 months | 15-20 years |
3. | Horse | Foal | 11 months | 25-30 years |
4. | Elephant | Calf | 22 months | 60-70 years |
5. | Goat | Kid | 5 months | 10-15 years |
6. | Kangaroo | Joey | 1 month | 6-8 years |
7. | Cat | Kitten | 2 months | 12-18 years |
8. | Dog | Puppy | 2 months | 10-15 years |
9. | Whale | Calf | 12 months | 30-70 years |
Additional Questions and Answers – 01
Short Questions and Answers
Question – What is fertilisation?
Answer: Fertilisation is the process in which a male gamete (sperm) fuses with a female gamete (egg) to form a zygote.
Question – What is the role of the placenta in humans?
Answer: The placenta provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo and removes waste products through the mother’s blood.
Question – What is the difference between internal and external fertilisation?
Answer: Internal fertilisation occurs inside the female’s body (e.g., humans), while external fertilisation happens outside the body, usually in water (e.g., fish).
Question – What are gametes?
Answer: Gametes are the male and female reproductive cells, sperm and egg, that fuse during fertilisation.
Question – What is metamorphosis?
Answer: Metamorphosis is a biological process in which an organism undergoes a significant change in body structure from juvenile to adult form, like a tadpole changing into a frog.
Question – Why do some animals lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young?
Answer: Laying eggs allows animals to reproduce in environments where the eggs can be incubated safely, providing protection to the developing young.
Question – What is asexual reproduction?
Answer: Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Question – What is the main function of the testes in males?
Answer: The testes produce sperm and secrete the male sex hormone, testosterone.
Question – How does budding occur in Hydra?
Answer: In Hydra, a bud forms on the body of the parent, develops into a small hydra, and eventually detaches to become independent.
Question – What is the significance of the egg shell in birds?
Answer: The egg shell protects the developing embryo, prevents desiccation, and allows gas exchange.
Long Questions and Answers
Question – Explain the process of human reproduction from fertilisation to birth.
Answer: Human reproduction begins with fertilisation when the male sperm meets the female egg in the fallopian tube. The fertilised egg, or zygote, undergoes several divisions and becomes a blastocyst. It then implants in the lining of the uterus. Over the next 9 months, the embryo develops into a foetus, gaining organs and body structures. The placenta nourishes the foetus. After the development, the baby is born through the process of childbirth.
Question – Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction with examples.
Answer: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring. Methods include:
Binary fission: In organisms like bacteria, the parent divides into two equal halves.
Budding: In Hydra, a small bud forms on the parent’s body and develops into a new individual.
Fragmentation: In some worms and starfish, the organism splits into pieces, each of which can grow into a new organism.
Spore formation: Fungi and algae reproduce through spores, which grow into new individuals under favorable conditions.
Question – Discuss the stages of development in a frog, from egg to adult.
Answer: Frog development includes several stages:
Egg: Laid by the female in water.
Tadpole: The egg hatches into a tadpole, a larval form with a tail and gills.
Metamorphosis: The tadpole undergoes metamorphosis, growing legs and losing its tail and gills.
Adult: The mature frog now has lungs and can live both in water and on land.
Question – What is cloning? Describe the process used to clone Dolly the sheep.
Answer: Cloning is creating an identical organism from a single cell. Dolly, the first cloned mammal, was produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. A nucleus from an adult sheep’s mammary cell was inserted into an enucleated egg cell. The egg developed into an embryo, which was implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in Dolly.
Question – Explain the difference between oviparous and viviparous animals with examples.
Answer: Oviparous animals lay eggs, and the young develop outside the mother’s body (e.g., birds, reptiles).
Viviparous animals give birth to live young, and the offspring develop inside the mother’s body (e.g., humans, cats).
True/False Questions
Question – True or False: External fertilisation is common in mammals.
Answer: False (Mammals usually have internal fertilisation).
Question – True or False: Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Answer: True.
Question – True or False: The process of metamorphosis is only seen in amphibians.
Answer: False (Metamorphosis occurs in some insects as well).
Question – True or False: Mammals, including humans, lay eggs to reproduce.
Answer: False (Mammals generally give birth to live young, with the exception of monotremes).
Question – True or False: The female gamete in humans is the sperm.
Answer: False (The female gamete is the egg).
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Question – Which of the following is an example of an asexual reproductive method?
- a) Budding
- b) Fertilisation
- c) Pollination
- d) Metamorphosis
Answer: a) Budding
Question – Where does fertilisation occur in humans?
- a) Uterus
- b) Vagina
- c) Oviduct
- d) Ovary
Answer: c) Oviduct
Question – Which of the following animals is known to lay eggs?
- a) Human
- b) Elephant
- c) Platypus
- d) Dog
Answer: c) Platypus
Question – Which stage comes after the zygote in human development?
- a) Embryo
- b) Foetus
- c) Baby
- d) Blastocyst
Answer: a) Embryo
Question – In which of the following animals does external fertilisation occur?
- a) Human
- b) Frog
- c) Dog
- d) Cat
Answer: b) Frog
Additional Questions and Answers – 02
Short Questions & Answers
Question – What is reproduction?
Ans: Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce young ones similar to themselves.
Question – Name the two types of reproduction in animals.
Ans: Asexual and sexual reproduction.
Question – What is asexual reproduction?
Ans: Production of young ones by a single parent without gamete formation (e.g., binary fission in Amoeba).
Question – Define binary fission with an example.
Ans: A parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells (e.g., Amoeba, bacteria).
Question – What is budding? Give an example.
Ans: A new organism grows as an outgrowth (bud) from the parent (e.g., Hydra, yeast).
Question – What is sexual reproduction?
Ans: Production of offspring by the fusion of male (sperm) and female (egg) gametes.
Question – What are gametes?
Ans: Special reproductive cells (sperm in males, egg/ovum in females).
Question – What is fertilisation?
Ans: Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote.
Question – Differentiate between internal and external fertilisation.
Ans: Internal: Fertilisation inside the female’s body (e.g., humans).
External: Fertilisation outside the body in water (e.g., frogs).
Question – What is a zygote?
Ans: A single cell formed after fertilisation (fusion of sperm and egg).
Question – Name the male and female reproductive organs in humans.
Ans: Male: Testes (produce sperms).
Female: Ovaries (produce eggs).
Question – What is IVF?
Ans: In Vitro Fertilisation – Fertilisation outside the body in a lab (test tube babies).
Question – What is metamorphosis?
Ans: A process where an animal undergoes drastic changes in form during growth (e.g., tadpole → frog).
Differentiate between viviparous and oviparous animals.
Ans: Viviparous: Give birth to live young (e.g., humans).
Oviparous: Lay eggs (e.g., hens).
Question – How does a chick develop from an egg?
Ans: The zygote forms inside the hen, but development occurs externally in the egg (incubation for 21 days).
Long Questions & Answers
Question – Explain asexual reproduction with examples.
Ans: Definition: Reproduction without gamete fusion (single parent).
Methods:
Binary fission (Amoeba).
Budding (Hydra, yeast).
Multiple fission (Plasmodium).
Advantages: Faster, no mate required.
Disadvantages: No genetic variation.
Question – Describe sexual reproduction in humans.
Ans: Gametes: Sperm (male) + Egg (female).
Fertilisation: Internal (in oviduct → zygote).
Development: Zygote → Embryo → Foetus (in uterus).
Birth: Viviparous (live young).
Question – Compare external and internal fertilisation.
Ans: External:
Occurs in water (e.g., frogs, fish).
Many gametes released, low survival rate.
Internal:
Occurs inside female (e.g., humans, birds).
Fewer gametes, higher survival.
Question – Explain metamorphosis in frogs.
Ans: Stages: Egg → Tadpole (gills, tail) → Adult frog (lungs, legs).
Changes: Tail absorbed, gills replaced by lungs.
Why is reproduction essential?
Ans: Ensures species survival.
Maintains ecological balance.
Allows genetic diversity (in sexual reproduction).
True/False Questions
Question – Amoeba reproduces by budding.
Ans: False (Binary fission).
Question – Hydra shows budding.
Ans: True.
Question – Fertilisation in humans is external.
Ans: False (Internal).
Question – Oviparous animals give birth to live young.
Ans: False (They lay eggs).
Question – Testes produce eggs.
Ans: False (Ovaries produce eggs).
Question – Identical twins have the same genes.
Ans: True.
Question – Metamorphosis occurs in butterflies.
Ans: True (Caterpillar → Butterfly).
Question – Plasmodium reproduces by binary fission.
Ans: False (Multiple fission).
Question – The uterus is part of the male reproductive system.
Ans: False (Female).
Question – IVF babies are called test tube babies.
Ans: True.
MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)
Question – Which organism reproduces by binary fission?
- a) Hydra
- b) Amoeba
- c) Yeast
- d) Frog
Ans: b) Amoeba
Question – Budding is seen in:
- a) Frog
- b) Hydra
- c) Earthworm
- d) Hen
Ans: b) Hydra
Question – Fertilisation in hens is:
- a) External
- b) Internal
- c) Both
- d) None
Ans: b) Internal
Question – The male gamete is called:
- a) Ovum
- b) Zygote
- c) Sperm
- d) Embryo
Ans: c) Sperm
Question – Viviparous animals:
- a) Lay eggs
- b) Give birth to young
- c) Reproduce asexually
- d) None
Ans: b) Give birth to young
Question – The term for tadpole → frog transformation is:
- a) Fertilisation
- b) Metamorphosis
- c) Budding
- d) Cloning
Ans: b) Metamorphosis
Question – Which is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?
- a) Ovary
- b) Testes
- c) Uterus
- d) Oviduct
Ans: b) Testes
Question – Identical twins result from:
- a) Two eggs fertilised by two sperms
- b) One egg splitting after fertilisation
- c) Asexual reproduction
- d) External fertilisation
Ans: b) One egg splitting after fertilisation
Question – Which animal is hermaphrodite?
- a) Frog
- b) Earthworm
- c) Hen
- d) Human
Ans: b) Earthworm
Question – The incubation period for a hen’s egg is:
- a) 10 days
- b) 21 days
- c) 30 days
- d) 40 days
Ans: b) 21 days