Worksheet 1
A. Read the following extract from a science newspaper and tick (✔) the correct option.
WHAT YOU HEAR IS WHAT YOU SEE
The phone rings and/or you listen to the voice on the other side. You can hear the voice of the speaker and/but can you see what the speaker looks like? Well, maybe. So, when you speak up, be careful if/because your voice may also convey information about your life. When/And scientists asked volunteers to listen to the recordings of people and/but rate the voices, they found that/so the voices rated highest belonged to people having more active lives. Scientists feel because/that our voice instantly conveys basic information about the gender and age although/and it may not be true in all the cases. Voices of extrovert people conveyed much more information about them than/that the voices of people who were introvert.
Note: All the words given in bold are ‘linkers.
and ✔
and ✔
if ✔
when ✔
and ✔
so ✔
that ✔
although ✔
than ✔
B. Now read the following sentences.
- Learn the answers and write them in your notebook.
- Mohit is slow but he is a hardworking child.
- I was absent because I was ill.
Note that linkers perform different functions.
In Sentence 1, the linker ‘and’ joins two independent statements.
In Sentence 2, ‘but’ joins two independent statements of contrasting ideas.
In Sentence 3, ‘because’ joins the subordinate clause with the main clause.
Remember
Linkers are classified into two broad categories.
Linkers
Co-ordinating – and, but, or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, etc.
Subordinating – because, although, after, if, since, while, so…that, as, etc.
Worksheet 2
Given below is a checklist of likes and dislikes of Pooja and Vineet. Read it carefully and write about their likes and dislikes using the following linkers. Two examples have been done for you.
neither……nor, both, and, but
Likes and Dislikes Pooja Vineet
reading magazines ✓ ✓
watching T.V. ✓ X
shopping ✓ X
dining out ✓ ✓
cooking X ✓
talking on phone ✓ X
attending parties ✓ ✓
travelling X ✓
playing cards X X
- Both Pooja and Vineet like reading magazines.
- Pooja likes watching T.V. but Vineet does not.
- Both Pooja and Vineet like dining out.
- Pooja likes shopping but Vineet does not.
- Pooja likes talking on the phone but Vineet does not.
- Vineet likes cooking but Pooja does not.
- Vineet likes travelling but Pooja does not.
- Both Pooja and Vineet like attending parties.
- Neither Pooja nor Vineet likes playing cards.
Worksheet 3
Read the following sentences.
- You will get a trophy if you win.
- Do not come out of the classrooms before the bell rings.
- I have to go because my mother is waiting for me.
Note: The above sentences contain two clauses-one main clause and one subordinate clause.
Worksheet 4
Join the following sentences using the linker specified in the box against each sentence. One has been done for you.
- The rain was over. The sun shone brightly. Linker of time
The sun shone brightly after the rain was over.
- The teacher was not in the staff room. I came back. Linker of reason
I came back because the teacher was not in the staff room.
- Manan will visit their house. He wants to discuss his problem with them. Linker of purpose
Manan will visit their house in order to discuss his problem with them.
- He did not fare well in the examination. He was given the job. Linker of concession
Although he did not fare well in the examination, he was given the job.
- Complete your class work. You cannot leave for your home. Linker of time
You cannot leave for your home until you complete your class work.
- Rajat is quick in solving maths questions. Tarun is quicker. Linker of comparison
Rajat is quick in solving maths questions whereas Tarun is quicker.
- Ajay is a strict vegetarian. He will have serious problems in China. Linker of condition
If Ajay goes to China, he will have serious problems as he is a strict vegetarian.
- Attempt the first question. Move on to the second. Linker of time
As soon as you attempt the first question, move on to the second.
- He started late. He finished first. Linker of concession
Although he started late, he finished first.
Worksheet 5
Given below are some measures suggested for the development of rural areas. Fill in the blanks with suitable linkers to understand their full meaning and significance.
- ________ illiteracy is the root cause of people’s ignorance of their rights, we should lay more stress on making them literate.
Since illiteracy is the root cause of people’s ignorance of their rights, we should lay more stress on making them literate.
- ________ most of the rural areas do have electricity, very few of them have enough electrical equipments to utilise it. More T.V. sets and computers should be installed in the Panchayat halls for better general awareness.
Although most of the rural areas do have electricity, very few of them have enough electrical equipment to utilise it.
- Almost every village has enough water, ________ potable water is rare. The government should take effective steps pure drinking water is available to every village.
Almost every village has enough water, but potable water is rare. The government should take effective steps so that pure drinking water is available to every village.
Worksheet 6
In the Unit ‘Changing Times’ of My English Reader, you have read about the difference in attitude, hobbies, lifestyle and tastes of the older generation and the youngsters. Taking clues from the unit, write an article on the topic ‘Now and Then – The Inevitable Generation Gap.
Do not forget to use co-ordinating linkers and subordinating linkers [time, reason, comparison, result].
Now and Then – The Inevitable Generation Gap
The world has changed dramatically over the years, and so have the people living in it. The generation gap between the older generation and the youth of today is inevitable. While the older generation values discipline and hard work, youngsters today often look for quick success and innovation.
There is a difference in their hobbies as well. Older people enjoyed reading books and gardening, whereas youngsters prefer digital entertainment and social media. Even their attitude towards life varies. The elders believe in saving, while the youth spend freely because they believe in living in the moment.
This difference has resulted in misunderstandings and conflicts in families. Although both generations want the best for each other, their ways of expression and decision-making are often poles apart. It is important to bridge this gap with mutual respect and understanding so that harmony prevails in society.
Worksheet 7
In each of the sentences given below, some word(s) is/are missing. Put a slash where the word(s) is/are missing. Find appropriate word(s) from the box below and write it/them in the blank.
even, that, order, as, if, as well, soon as, condition, so
- The circular was distributed that the students might know the vacation schedule.
The circular was distributed in order that the students might know the vacation schedule.
- Do not lie even the world is against you.
Do not lie even if the world is against you.
- He saved a rupee daily so he could have something in time of need.
He saved a rupee daily so that he could have something in time of need.
- Smriti stood if she were a statue.
Smriti stood as though she were a statue.
- The students stood up as the teacher arrived in the class.
The students stood up as soon as the teacher arrived in the class.
- The President as the Prime Minister was present in the function.
The President as well as the Prime Minister was present in the function.
- You will get this job on that you shall work seven days a week.
You will get this job on condition that you shall work seven days a week.
- There is no harm in apologising to the elders if you are not at fault.
There is no harm in apologising to the elders even if you are not at fault.
Note: All the words in the box when joined with the expressions in the sentences form ‘compound linkers’
e.g. so that, in order that, as though, even if
DO IT YOURSELF
- The passage given below has not been edited. Some words are missing. Put a slash where you think a word is missing and write it in the space provided.
We know mammals took over as ___________
dinosaurs died out, have you ever wondered ___________
why this happened? Well, one reason is that ___________
mammals are warm blooded creatures, means ___________
that their bodies have a constant temperature. ___________
This is important it means that mammals ___________
are ready for action at all times, in all weathers, ___________
cold blooded animals needed to soak heat ___________
from the sun they could move about. ___________
Answers –
We know mammals took over as / dinosaurs died out. → as
Dinosaurs died out, have / you ever wondered… → but
…have you ever wondered why / this happened? → why
…creatures, means / that their bodies… → which
…have a constant temperature. This / is important… → because
…is important it / means that mammals… → because
…at all times, in all weathers, cold / blooded animals… → but
…needed to soak heat / from the sun… → up
…sun they / could move about. → before
The paragraph given below has not been edited. Some words have been used wrongly. Read the passage, underline the wrong words and write the correct words in the spaces provided.
Fruit or vegetables contain natural ___________
chemicals who are necessary for good ___________
health. Such substances have attracted ___________
either popular and scientific attention ___________
to the health benefits these provide. ___________
These substances-flavonoids-may ___________
not be essential nutrients and appear ___________
to provide health benefits; but therein ___________
lies their importance.
Answers –
Fruit or vegetables contain natural → and
chemicals who are necessary for good → which
Such substances have attracted either popular and scientific attention → both
…scientific attention to the health benefits… → ✅ correct (no change)
These substances – flavonoids – may not be essential nutrients → ✅ correct (no change)
…nutrients and appear to provide health benefits → ✅ correct (no change)
…health benefits; but therein lies their importance → there