Something to Know
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. A disease is any defect or abnormality found in the body.
2. Children, in the age group of 6 months – 3 years, often, suffer from protein-carbohydrate deficiency disease.
3. Minerals are present in small amounts in our body.
4. The disease, that causes enlargement of glands in the neck, is known as goitre.
5. The diseases that get spread through insects, air, water and soil are known as communicable diseases.
B. Match the following:
1. anaemia d. iron
2. night blindness e. vitamin A
3. scurvy a. vitamin C
4. goitre b. iodine
5. beri-beri c. vitamin B
C. Tick (✔) the correct option.
1. Haemoglobin content becomes less when a person is suffering from-
(a) goitre
(b) rickets
(c) anaemia (✔)
(d) beri-beri
Answer – (c) anaemia (✔)
2. A person having swollen and bleeding gums, might be suffering from-
(a) rickets
(b) scurvy (✔)
(c) beri-beri
(d) anaemia
Answer – (b) scurvy (✔)
3. Germs of common cold spread through-
(a) air (✔)
(b) water
(c) soil
(d) mosquitoes
Answer – (a) air (✔)
4. Deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates, in the diet of a small child, can lead to
(a) weak bones
(c) bleeding gums
(b) improper growth of body (✔)
(d) bow shaped legs
Answer – (b) improper growth of body (✔)
5. Legs become bow shaped due to deficiency of-
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin B
(c) vitamin C
(d) vitamin D (✔)
Answer – (d) vitamin D (✔)
D. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. State the two main categories of diseases.
Answer – The two main categories of diseases are:
(i) Non-communication diseases
(ii) Communicable diseases
2. Write two symptoms of the disease ‘Beri-Beri’.
Answer – Two symptoms of the disease ‘Beri-Beri’ are:
(i) Extreme weakness
(ii) Paralysis of body parts
3. Name any two diseases that are spread through the bite of mosquitoes.
Answer – Two diseases that are spread through the bite of mosquitoes are:
Dengue, Malaria
4. A girl finds it difficult to see in dimlight and has dry and scaly skin. Name the disease she might be suffering from.
Answer – She might be suffering from Night blindness.
5. Why should we not allow water to stagnate around our homes?
Answer – We should not allow water to stagnate around our homes because it may become a breeding place for mosquitoes which can spread diseases like malaria.
E. Answer the following questions.
1. How does calcium-phosphorus deficiency affect our body?
Answer – Calcium –phosphorus deficiency leads to:
(i) Weak teeth lose their shine and whiteness.
(ii) Weak, soft and fragile bones.
2. Suggest some measures that can help us to prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases.
Answer – Measures that can help us to prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases are:
(i) One must take a balanced diet containing all types of nutrients.
(ii) One must follow good food practices and habits.
(iii) One must include milk and milk products in their diet.
3. How can we prevent the spread of germs from a sick person to a healthy person?
Answer – We can prevent the spread of germs from a sick person to a healthy person by following ways:
(i) All the articles and clothes of infected person should be disinfected.
(ii) One must always cover the nose or mouth while sneezing or coughing.
(iii) The surroundings must be kept clean and hygienic.
(iv) We should avoid water stagnation around homes.
(v) Vaccination must be done to prevent diseases like polio.
4. Isha was suffering from chickenpox. Her teacher advised her not to come to school till she has recovered completely. Why?
Answer – Isha’s teacher advised her not to come to school because chicken pox is a communicable disease, which can be spread to other students also.
5. Why are deficiency diseases called non-communicable diseases?
Answer – Deficiency diseases are called non- communicable disease because it can’t be transferred to other person as it is caused due to deficiency of any nutrient.
Value Based Question
Rajat had to go through a slum area while on his way to school. He noticed that some slum children looked weak and pale and were quite inactive. He did not see them playing or running around like other children of their age. He discussed this problem with his Science teacher.
His teacher, along with the help of school doctor, organised a medial camp for the slum children. Rajat and his friends presented a ‘Nukkad natika’ (street play) to highlight how some not very costly food items can help those children to improve their health.
1. Why did the slum children look weak and pale?
Answer – Slum children looked weak and pale because they were not getting sufficient protein and carbohydrates in their diet.
2. How did Rajat and his teacher help the slum children? Discuss.
Answer – Rajat and his teacher helped the slum children by organising a medical camp and presenting a street play for slum children to spread awareness about healthy food.
3. Suggest the names of some food items that are not too costly but are good for our health.
Answer – Some food items that are not too costly but are good for our health are banana, spinach, pulses, chana, soya chunks.
Something to Do
1. Prepare flash cards of four different colours, say red, green, blue and yellow. Write names of deficiency diseases on red cards (one disease on one card), symptoms on green card, nutrient missing on blue cards and food sources, to prevent their occurrence, on yellow cards. Now shuffle the cards and ask your friends to match the other coloured cards to each of the red cards.
Answer – As an art integrated project students will do this under the supervision of their science teacher.
2. Prepare a small skit on ‘How to Stay Healthy?’ and present it in the class/ school assembly. You can also go to a nearby slum and educate the slum dwellers through your skit.
Answer – The science teacher will carry out this activity under his/her guidance.
Inside Questions
1. What are nutrients?
Answer – Nutrients are substances present in food that are required for proper growth and development of our body.
2. Name the different nutrients which are present in food.
Answer – Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
3. What is health? What our body needs to maintain good health?
Answer – Health is a state of complete physical and mental well-being. For maintaining good health, our body needs:
A balanced diet
Regular exercise
Proper rest
Good personal hygiene
Clean and hygienic surroundings
4. What is a disease?
Answer- A disease is any defect, or abnormality found in the body.
5. Name the pigment found in blood which transports oxygen and provides red colour to blood.
Answer – Haemoglobin
6. Name the substance which is found on the outer layer of rice kernel which protects the body from a disease called ‘beri-beri’.
Answer – Thiamine or Vitamin B.
7. What is malnutrition?
Answer – Malnutrition is a condition caused by improper or inadequate nourishment. It often results in one or more of the deficiency diseases.
8. What are the two ways through which germs can enter our body?
Answer – The two ways through which germs can enter our body are:
Nose or mouth
Through the food and water taken by us.
9. State the ways by which communicable diseases can be spread.
Answer- The ways by which communicable diseases can spread are:
(i) By insects (living agents): Malaria, dengue are spread by mosquitoes and plague by fleas.
(ii) By air, water and soil (non-living agents): Germs of common cold, measles and chicken pox spread through air. Germs of cholera, typhoid and jaundice spread through water.
10. State any five ways to prevent communicable diseases.
Answer- Five ways to prevent communicable diseases are:
(i) All the articles and clothes of infected person should be disinfected.
(ii) One must always cover the nose or mouth while sneezing or coughing.
(iii) The surroundings must be kept clean and hygienic.
(iv) We should avoid water stagnation around homes.
(v) Vaccination must be done to prevent diseases like polio.
Important Notes:
Learn the keywords.
Learn the tables of deficiency diseases given in your text book in page no. 51, 52 and 53.